"Indeed,
the more belligerent part of Mr. Breivik's ideology has less in common
with counterjihad than with its archenemy, Al Qaeda. Both Mr. Breivik
and Al Qaeda see themselves as engaged in a civilizational war between
Islam and the West that extends back to the Crusades. Both fight on
behalf of transnational entities: the "ummah'--or "community' of all
Muslims--in the case of Al Qaeda, and Europe in the case of Mr.
Breivik.
Both frame their struggle as defensive wars of survival. Both hate
their respective governments for collaborating with the outside enemy.
Both use the language of martyrdom (Mr. Breivik calls his attack a
"martyrdom operation'). Both call themselves knights, and espouse
medieval ideals of chivalry. Both lament the erosion of patriarchy and
the emancipation of women."
Hegghammer
portrays both the international Islamist-jihadist-terrorist movement
and Breivik as new "macropolitical" movements that advocate total war
between clashing civilizations:
"Mr.
Breivik and Al Qaeda are manifestations of the same generic ideological
phenomenon: "macro-nationalism,' variant of nationalism applied to
clusters of nation-states held together by a notion of shared identity,
like "he West'or the "ummah.' Etreme macro-nationalists view their
people as under attack and fight in their defense. In the Muslim world,
so-called pan-Islamism has a long history and has inspired militancy
since at least the 1980s, when Arabs traveled to Afghanistan to fight
with fellow Muslims against Soviet occupation. The West has long lacked
similar movements, but the rise of counterjihad in the 2000s and the
appearance of the Breivik manifesto suggest that this may be changing".
When
we think about this analysis, the asymmetry it postulates between
the"macropolitical" jihadist movement and its supposed Western,
anti-Islamist counterpart is staggering. The jihadist "macropolitical"
phenomena includes hundreds of terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda,
thousands of terrorists, millions of people who support the terrorists
financially or politically, and several governments--e.g. Iran , Syria ,
Pakistan --who support them as well. Hegghammer's postulated Western,
anti-Islamist "macropolitical" movement, on the other hand, consists
of--Anders Behring Breivik.
And then there is former BBC reporter Alan Hart, now writing for Dissident Voice, who compares Benyamin Netanyahu to Breivik:
"The
main thing they have in common stems from the fact that they both live
in fantasy worlds of their own creation and talk a lot of extreme
rightwing nonsense.
"The
nonsense Anders Breivik speaks is driven in general by his fears about
the consequences for Norway of immigration and multiculturalism and, in
particular, by his vision of an Islamic takeover.
"The nonsense Netanyahu speaks is driven by his perception of Israel in danger of annihilation.
"As
he tells and sells it, the current biggest threat to Israel 's
existence is, of course, Iran . Arguably the single most ridiculous
statement he has made to date on this subject was in 2006 when, as the
chairman of Likud, he addressed a gathering of Jewish American
organizations. He said then, "It's 1938 and Iran is Germany .'
"So what Breivik and Netanyahu have in common is, it seems to me, the mania of victimhood."
On the other hand, Hart compares Breivik favorably to Netanyahu:
"The
man now on trial for killing 77 people in bomb and gun attacks in
Norway last July has admitted, even boasted about, what he did.
Netanyahu denies Zionism's crimes."
Perhaps
Hart's vicious comparisons require no comment, other than that they
reveal the extreme malice and total disregard for truth of Israel's
enemies.
While
the pro-jihad, anti-Israeli demagogues have drawn false
lessons from the Breivik disaster, there are some legitimate ones that
may be drawn from it: A society like Norway, which seeks to avoid
conflict at all costs through politeness, tact, forbearance,
conciliation, compromise, and the "co-opting" of malcontents into
cooperation with established institutions may succeed instead in
exacerbating conflict
and permitting it to escalate into extreme violence. After all, Breivik
succeeded in getting the attention he wanted for his ideas, and above
all for himself, by committing mass murder.
A society whose media generally avoids talking or writing about the serious conflicts that exist within it will permit these conflicts to fester. And a society that discourages from early childhood the expression of negative feelings by harmless or relatively harmless means such as crying, shouting, abusive language, or unconventional dress, may end up with the spectacle of Anders Behring Breivik, dressed in an elegant suit, discoursing calmly and in meticulous detail about the 77 murders he has committed.
John Landau is a freelance journalist, independent scholar, and longtime student of world history and international relations.(Note: You can view every article as one long page if you sign up as an Advocate Member, or higher).