Obviously an attack on the Pentagon has to happen within the US.
I.E.D.’s are used outside of the U.S.
Hate crimes against racial groups can and do occur both within the US and outside of the US.
Protests occur within and outside of the US.
Since the “correct” answer according to the DoD was “protests” = “low-level terrorism,” they cannot accurately say that they had in mind only violent protests in foreign lands because their answer choices included activities that occur within the US.
The correct answer should have been “none of the above.”
Third, the question and answer choices were obviously deliberately designed to lead the exam taker/DoD employee to choose “Protests” as an example of “low-level terrorism” inasmuch as the other answer choices are all obviously not low-level acts. All of the others are very violent attacks.
Finally, as I pointed out in my article, the term “low-level terrorism” appears to be a “term of art” within security agency circles given that a scholarly paper delivered in February of 2009 at an international conference incorporated it into its title as such:
Vinthagen, Stellan. "Labeling ‘Low Level Terrorism:’ The Out-Definition of Social Movements" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 50th ANNUAL CONVENTION "EXPLORING THE PAST, ANTICIPATING THE FUTURE," New York Marriott Marquis, NEW YORK CITY, NY, USA, Feb 15, 2009.'
(Note: You can view every article as one long page if you sign up as an Advocate Member, or higher).
1
1
1
