My friend Dr. Lowell Becraft ("Larry") expressed his concern that so many PNJ's (Patriot Nut Jobs - I call them PMM's or Patriot Myth Mongers) complain that the US operates under martial law. He wrote:
"In the case of Ex parte Milligan, 71 U.S. 2 (1866), the Supremes were required to determine what constituted "martial law," and in essence the Court concluded that it was essential that an army be in the field (meaning the locality where martial law prevails) and that the courts be closed because of the chaos. That case may be read here:
http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/71/2/case.html. Where I live, there is no army in the field, and our courts are open. In fact, I know of no place in America where an army is in the field, and anarchy is so prevalent that the courts must be closed. "
I,
Bob, responded:
The courts do seem open, but to many they have become meaningless as tools of obtaining justice/redress because:
Most don't know the law or procedure.
Most cannot afford legal counsel.
Court and transcript and advocacy/case worker fees have become so exorbitant that most cannot afford them.
Judges seem to favor lawyered litigants over pro se litigants.
In other words, for most, courts have effectively become NOT open. That is one reason so many have showed up in the field.
I am unusual. Because I don't work, I actually have the discretionary time for studying law and procedure, but even I would have a terrible time facing off against an experienced attorney.
THE COURTS ONLY SEEM OPEN.
Larry: "But
not because of martial law."
Bob: "Then why?"
Larry: "The best description is that it is a power structure that protects the powerful; but it is not martial law. "
Bob: "Doesn't that equal "martial law?" The powerful remain protected by militant force against the non-powerful who have, as a consequence, no say in government except to the extent the powerful allow?"
Larry: "Read the case:
http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/71/2/case.html. We have lots of people that now believe we have martial law. When the real thing comes along, there will be no resistance because people thought it had already arrived."
Bob: "I have always visualized martial law as evidenced by soldiers patrolling the streets. Who needs them with bomb-dropping drones patrolling the skies?"
Larry: "Excellent point, and drones may very well replace soldiers."
Now,
I respond more fully, taking the time to honor the Ex parte Milligan
opinion Dr. Becraft cited above.
Regarding Ex parte Milligan
The
opinion cited above in Ex
parte Milligan - 71 U.S. 2 (1866) makes the
most excellent point that in martial law, military tribunals, not the
judicial courts, try people accused of a crime in the jurisdiction of
the military. It also points out the process for using writ of
error to appeal denial a petition for writ of habeas corpus, and the
fact that the US must timely indict/present or discharge the
prisoner. It makes apparent the fact that only Congress can
authorize the military to arrest and try folks in some territory of
the US during insurrection/war/rebellion, and that the right to trial
by jury always exists. It shows that grand juries must indict/present
except in cases arising among military or militia forces during war
or public danger.
And, I rather enjoyed the Chief
Justice's instruction about the meaning of certain legal terms
including cause and suit, and the fact that an ex
parte habeas proceeding constitutes a
cause/suit of the prisoner against the captor, typically some agent
or agency of the Government. I also appreciated the Court's
opinion that Congress, not the President, has final say over
empowering the President to suspend of the right of petition for writ
of habeas corpus in
times of publicly dangerous national emergency. The Chief Justice
poignantly penned:
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