Nowadays, there is no firm belief that doping control is really effective and dependable. Remembering the recent scandal about Russian track-and-field athletics team, one can logically draw a conclusion that no one can be certain whether the athletes from different countries do not intake doping.
For many a year, athletes were obliged to pass urine tests, which showed whether they have been using disallowed preparations or not. Nevertheless, this method was not proven to be 100% precise. This only meant that athletes might jump from one preparation to another one, which could not be identified during analysis. In addition, there are some drugs that cannot be identified, if stopping using them before some definite time, which medical expertise was not capable to state.
Drugs are divided into three major categories. The most famous ones are legal anabolic steroids that fully mimic testosterone's indications for building muscles. There exist lots of hormones that enhance muscle gain and decrease body fat. Besides, they also add more oxygen to the organism, which allows athletes to prolong their endurance.
The main target for recent days of the biological passports is not to look for banned preparations, but to monitor physical abnormalities in athletes. The World Anti-Doping Agency has initiated the blood-doping formula of bio-passports in 2009, and followed a module for anabolic steroids in 2016. This module is still in the process of development.
The main idea is to create an average statistic scale for all athletes to figure out all abnormalities. Special profiles would be made for every single matter to affirm true results based on bio-passports.
There is no certainty how elite sportsmen are doping. However, a special German study has already found out that the number of doped sportsmen for the year 2005 has reached the grade from 20% to 39%. The same outcomes have been shown in the year 2016.
One of the reasons for cheats is corruption, as in the case of Russian doping scandal, when coaches themselves obtained details of suspicious biological passport tests against their athletes.
The so-called "microdosing" does a dirty work. Small doses of banned means cannot be found and so, there are no restrictions seen in bio-passports. More strict measures should be taken to figure out permitted means and doses.
As far as I can see, the system of doping control is far from perfect. Lots of various tools cannot be identified, as their presence in body is withdrawn within some time and so, tests do not see the cheating. Another problem occurs when athletes use microdoses. These play greater part as they cannot be noticed while doping tests, but can help sportsmen to win, when the matter involves one meter or even one second of distance. There must be implemented stricter and clearer rules for doping control.