What follows is an edited version, with various clarifications, of an article by Mike Whitney, posted August 21st 2009 at: http://www.lifeaftertheoilcrash.net/Archives2009/WhitneyDemolition.html
All the statistics, below, are from the original article.
Credit is not flowing. In fact, credit is contracting. When credit contracts in a consumer-driven economy, bad things happen. Business investment drops, unemployment soars, earnings plunge, and GDP shrinks. The Fed has spent more than a trillion dollars trying to get consumers to start borrowing again, but without success. The country's credit engines are slowing to a crawl.
Fed chairman Ben Bernanke has increased excess reserves in the banking system by $800 billion, but lending is still slow. The banks are hoarding capital in order to deal with the losses from toxic assets, non performing loans, and a $3.5 trillion commercial real estate bubble that's following housing into the toilet. That's why the rate of bank failures is accelerating. 2010 will be even worse; the list is growing. It's a bloodbath.
The standards for conventional loans have gotten tougher while the pool of qualified credit-worthy borrowers has shrunk. That means less credit flowing into the system. The shadow banking system has been hobbled by the freeze in securitization and only provides a trifling portion of the credit needed to grow the economy. Bernanke's initiatives haven't made a bit of difference. Credit continues to shrivel.
The S&P 500 is up 50 per cent from its March lows. The financials, retail, materials and industrials are leading the pack. It's a "Green Shoots" bear market rally fueled by the Fed's "Quantitative Easing, which is forcing liquidity into the financial system and lifting equities. The same thing happened during the Great Depression. Stocks surged after 1929. Then the prevailing trend took hold and dragged the Dow down 89 per cent from its earlier highs. The S&P's March lows will be tested before the recession is over. Systemwide deleveraging is ongoing. The economy is resetting at a lower rate of activity.
Note: The term quantitative easing describes an extreme form of monetary policy used to stimulate an economy where interest rates are either at, or close to, zero. Normally, a central bank stimulates the economy indirectly by lowering interest rates but when it cannot lower them any further it can attempt to seed the financial system with new money through quantitative easing.
In practical terms, the central bank purchases financial assets, including treasuries and corporate bonds, from financial institutions (such as banks) using money it has created ex nihilo (out of nothing). This process is called open market operations. The creation of this new money is supposed to seed the increase in the overall money supply through deposit multiplication by encouraging lending by these institutions and reducing the cost of borrowing, thereby stimulating the economy.[1] However, there is a risk that banks will still refuse to lend despite the increase in their deposits, and in a worst case scenario, possibly lead to hyperinflation.[1]
Quantitative easing is sometimes described as 'printing money', although the central bank actually creates it electronically by increasing the credit in its own bank account.[2]
Examples of economies where this policy has been used include Japan during the early 2000s, and the US and UK during the global financial crisis of 2008 "2009.
Leveraging refers to the use of debt to supplement investment.[1] Companies usually leverage to increase returns to stock, as this practice can maximize gains (and losses). The easy but high-risk increases in stock prices due to leveraging at US banks has been blamed for the unusually high rate of pay for top executives during the recent banking crisis, since gains in stock are often rewarded regardless of method.[2]Deleveraging, therefore, is the action of reducing borrowings.[1] In macroeconomics, a key measure of leverage is the debt to GDP ratio.
No one is fooled by the fireworks on Wall Street. Consumer confidence is still falling. Everyone knows things are bad. Everyone knows the mainstream press is lying. The restaurants and malls are next to empty, the homeless shelters are bulging, and even the big-box stores have stopped hiring. The only "green shoots" are on Wall Street where everyone gets a handout from Uncle Sugar.
Bernanke has pulled out all the stops. He's lowered interest rates to zero, backstopped the entire financial system with $13 trillion, propped up insolvent financial institutions and monetized $1 trillion in mortgage-backed securities and US sovereign debt. But none of this has worked. Wages are still falling, banks are still cutting lines of credit, retirement savings have been slashed in half, and home equity losses continue to mount. Living standards can no longer be maintained with credit cards -- household spending now has to fit within one's salary. That's why retail, travel, home improvement spending, as well as spending on luxury items and hotels, are all down by double-digits. The money has dried up.
Here are the numbers, according to Bloomberg:
"Borrowing by U.S. consumers dropped in June for the fifth straight month as the unemployment rate rose, getting loans remained difficult, and households put off major purchases. Consumer credit fell $10.3 billion, or nearly 5 percent at an annual rate, to $2.5 trillion, according to a Federal Reserve report released today in Washington. Credit dropped by $5.38 billion in May, more than previously estimated. And these declines are the longest lasting since 1991.
"A jobless rate near the highest in 26 years, stagnant wages, and falling home values mean consumer spending will take time to recover even as the recession eases. In June, incomes fell the most in four years as one-time transfer payments from the Obama administration's stimulus plan dried up, and unemployment is forecast to exceed 10 percent next year before retreating."
What a mess. The Fed has assumed near-dictatorial powers to fight a monster of its own making, and has achieved nothing. The real economy is still dead in the water. Bernanke is not getting any traction from his zero-percent interest rates. His monetization program ( "Quantitative Easing ) is just scaring off foreign creditors. On Friday, Marketwatch reported:
"The Federal Reserve will probably allow its $300 billion Treasury-buying program to end over the next six weeks as signs of a housing recovery prompt the central bank to unwind one of its most aggressive and unusual interventions into financial markets, big bond dealers say."
Riiight. Does anyone believe the housing market is recovering? In the first 6 months of 2009, there have already been 1.9 million foreclosures!
The Fed is abandoning the printing presses (presumably) because China told Geithner to stop printing money or they'd sell their US Treasuries. It's a wake-up call to Bernanke that the power is shifting from Washington to Beijing.
That puts Bernanke in a pickle. If he stops printing money, interest rates will skyrocket, stocks will crash and housing prices will tumble. But if he continues to print, China will dump their Treasuries and there will be a run on the dollar. What to do? Either way, the malaise in the credit markets will persist and personal consumption will continue to sputter.
Note: a run on the dollar begins with a situation in which lots of currency speculators see that the value of a particular currency, the dollar in this case, is for various economic and political reasons about to fall, and so they "sell (or exchange) their dollars (i.e. trade them for other currencies before the dollar's exchange value or market value does actually go down, thus actually causing the value to go down further and sooner than it otherwise would have. The net result for them, however, is that the other currencies they acquired are now worth more dollars than they would otherwise be worth, which means that their net holdings of dollars (as measured in the currencies they bought) have significantly increased.
The basic problem for the US economy is that consumers are buried beneath a mountain of debt and have no choice except to curtail their spending and begin to save. Currently, the ratio of debt to personal disposable income is 128 per cent, just a tad below its all-time high of 133 per cent in 2007. This means that the average amount of debt owned by an American is 28% larger than that American's annual income. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco's Economic Letter, "US Household Deleveraging and Future Consumption Growth":
"The combination of ever higher indebtedness and ever lower saving enabled personal consumption expenditures to grow faster than disposable income, providing a significant boost to U.S. economic growth over the period in question. In the long run, however, consumption cannot grow faster than income because there is an upper limit to how much debt households can service, based on their incomes. For many U.S. households, current debt levels appear too high, as evidenced by the sharp rise in delinquencies and foreclosures in recent years. To achieve a sustainable level of debt relative to income, households may need to undergo a prolonged period of deleveraging, whereby debt is reduced and saving is increased.
"Therefore, it seems probable that many U.S. households will reduce their indebtedness. However, this (will in all likelihood) result in a substantial and prolonged slowdown in consumer spending relative to pre-recession growth rates."
A careful reading of the FRBSF's Economic Letter shows why the economy will not bounce back: It's mathematically impossible. We've reached peak credit -- consumers must now deleverage and patch their balance sheets. The bald facts are that household wealth has lost $14 trillion since the crisis began. Home equity has dropped to 41 per cent (a new low) and joblessness remains on the rise. Deutsche Bank AG predicts that by 2011, nearly half of all homeowners with a mortgage will be underwater, i.e. what they owe on their mortgage will be more than the amount for which they could sell their house. So, as the equity position of homeowners deteriorates, banks will further tighten credit and foreclosures will mushroom.
The executive board of the IMF does not share Wall Street's rosy view of the future, which is why it issued a memo that stated:
Directors observed that this crisis will have important implications for the role of the United States in the global economy. The U.S. consumer is unlikely to any longer play the role of global "buyer of last resort" " other regions will need to play an increased role in supporting global growth.
In other words, the United States will no longer be the center of global economic demand after this recession. Those days are over. The world is changing and the US role is getting smaller. And, as US markets become less attractive to foreign exporters, the dollar will lose its position as the world's reserve currency. As goes the dollar, so goes the empire. Want some advice? Learn Mandarin.
Sagging Employment: A "recoveryless" recovery
July's employment numbers came in better than expected (negative 247,000) lowering total unemployment from 9.5 per cent to 9.4 per cent. That's good. Things are getting worse at a slower pace. But what's striking about the BLS report is that there's no jobs surge in any sector of the economy. No signs of life. Outsourcing and offshoring are ongoing, and downsizing the path to profitability. That's why revenues are down while profits are up. Businesses everywhere are anticipating weaker demand. The jobs report is a one-off event; a lull in the storm before the layoffs resume.
Unemployment is rising, wages are falling and credit is contracting. All the money is flowing upwards to the gangsters at the top. Here's an excerpt from a recent Don Monkerud article that sums it all up:
"During eight years of the Bush Administration, the 400 richest Americans, who now own more than the bottom 150 million Americans, increased their net worth by $700 billion. In 2005, the top one per cent claimed 22 per cent of the national income, while the top ten per cent took half of the total income, the largest share since 1928.
"Over 40 per cent of GNP comes from Fortune 500 companies. According to the World Institute for Development Economics Research, the 500 largest conglomerates in the U.S. "control over two-thirds of the business resources, employ two-thirds of the industrial workers, account for 60 per cent of the sales, and collect over 70 per cent of the profits."
In 1955, IRS records indicated the 400 richest people in the country were worth an average $12.6 million, adjusted for inflation. By 2006, the 400 richest increased their average to $263 million, representing an epochal shift (more than a 2000% increase) of wealth upward in the U.S." ("Wealth Inequality destroys US Ideals," Don Monkerud, www.consortiumnews.com/2009/070409a.html click here)
Working people are not being crushed by accident, but according to plan. It is the way the system is designed to work. Bernanke knows that sustained demand requires higher wages and a vital middle class. But Bernanke works for the banks, not the middle class, which is why the Fed's monetary policies reflect the goals of the investor class. Bubblenomics is not the way to a strong/sustainable economy, but it is an effective tool for shifting wealth from one class to another. The Fed's job is to facilitate that objective, which is why the economy is headed for the rocks.
The financial meltdown is the logical outcome of the Fed's monetary policies. That's why it's a mistake to call the current slump a "recession". It's not. It's a planned demolition.
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