In the late 19th century, German magazine Jugend and its editor Fritz Ostini provided a platform for exploring themes of morality and sexuality, challenging conventional norms. The mind was the seat of a spiritual quest for metaphysical harmony supplied by new religions like Theosophy, Anthroposophy, and Mazdaznan. The body became the vessel of each individual, deserving of health and nurture. In 1894, the burgeoning feminist movement had solidified around the Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine (Union of German Feminist Organizations) and independent young women had strong ideas about their sovereignty over their bodies.