Poland’s ruling party, PiS, is racing to eliminate judicial independence and establish tight control of the country’s judges. One European think tank recently argued that Poland’s government is working to re-create “a Soviet-style justice system … where the control of courts, prosecutors and judges lies with the executive and a single party.” In attacking the courts, PiS (which, ironically, means “Law and Justice”) has set itself on a collision course with the European Union, which requires its member states to have independent judiciaries. The dispute has been simmering for four years, and with the PiS government’s latest assault on the judiciary, it is finally boiling over.