John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, understood by many to be the foremost political thinker and philosopher in American history, clearly stated the question the Federalists were afraid to broach and that we must continue to ask today. Calhoun said, "Stripped of all its covering, the naked question is, whether ours is a federal or a consolidated government; a constitutional or absolute one; a government resting ultimately on the solid basis of sovereignty of the States or on the unrestrained will of a majority; a form of government, as in all other unlimitedness, in which injustice, and violence, and force must finally prevail."
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