http://www.geosc.psu.edu/~kasting/PersonalPage/ResInt2.htm
Basically, it is a weathering process, which slows when Earth's temperature drops, causes carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, to build up in the atmosphere. What amazes me about these chemical equations is that they use the same oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and calcium that appear in our bodies.
The solid/molten core, made mostly of iron, also creates a magnetic field that protects us from the Sun's output of dangerous charged particles. Mars, in comparison, does not have this because the core is no longer molten.
http://www.blurtit.com/q884994.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field
Our "floating" continents and landmasses have enhanced biotic diversity, leading to conscious life like us.
Earth's atmosphere, in part due to microscopic photo synthesizers in the oceans, has had ideal temperature, composition, and pressure for plants and animals. In particular, it has had just the right amount of oxygen, which evolved at a propitious time.
In spite of many giant impacts in Earth's early life, there have been no completely sterilizing impacts for at least 500 million years since the Cambrian era.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrian_explosion
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