"This empirical work by independent scholars," said one environmental scholar, proves what climate activists have argued all along. While continuing to fuel the climate emergency over the past decade, oil and gas majors relied on misleading messages rather than actually taking action to transition to clean energy, according to research released Wednesday."This study confirms what observers have always known about Big Oil's climate pledges: They're all hot air."The peer-reviewed study, published in the journal PLOS One, focused on two American companies, Chevron and ExxonMobil, as well as two European ones, BP and Shell—the four majors also at the center of an ongoing investigation by a U.S. House panel."