The brutal Argentine generals also got a royal welcome when they visited Washington. Kirkpatrick feted them at an elegant state dinner
More substantively, Reagan authorized CIA collaboration with the Argentine intelligence service for training and arming the Nicaraguan Contras, a rebel force created to overthrow Nicaragua's leftist Sandinista government. The Contras were soon implicated in human rights atrocities of their own.
Torture was also on the Reagan's administration's menu for political enemies. A 2004 CIA Inspector General's report, examining the CIA's abusive "war on terror" interrogations under President George W. Bush, noted the spy agency's past "intermittent involvement in the interrogation of individuals whose interests are opposed to those of the United States."
The report noted "a resurgence in interest" in teaching these techniques in the early 1980s "to foster foreign liaison relationships." The report said, "because of political sensitivities," the CIA's top brass in the 1980s "forbade Agency officers from using the word "interrogation" and substituted the phrase "human resources exploitation" in training programs for allied intelligence agencies.
Euphemisms aside, the CIA Inspector General cited a 1984 investigation of alleged "misconduct on the part of two Agency officers who were involved in interrogations and the death of one individual." In 1984, the CIA also was faced with a scandal over an "assassination manual" prepared by agency personnel for the Nicaraguan Contras.
While the IG report's references to this earlier era were brief -- and the abuses are little-remembered features of Ronald Reagan's glorified presidency -- there have been other glimpses into how Reagan unleashed this earlier "dark side" on the peasants, workers and students of Central America. Arguably, the worst of these "dirty wars" was inflicted on the people of Guatemala.
Genocide in Guatemala
After taking office in 1981, Reagan pushed to overturn an arms embargo that Carter had imposed on Guatemala for its wretched human rights record. Yet even as Reagan moved to loosen up the military aid ban, U.S. intelligence agencies were confirming new Guatemalan government massacres.
In April 1981, a secret CIA cable described a massacre at Cocob, near Nebaj in the Ixil Indian territory. On April 17, 1981, government troops attacked the area believed to support leftist guerrillas, the cable said.
According to a CIA source, "the social population appeared to fully support the guerrillas" and "the soldiers were forced to fire at anything that moved." The CIA cable added that "the Guatemalan authorities admitted that 'many civilians' were killed in Cocob, many of whom undoubtedly were non-combatants."
Despite the CIA account and other similar reports, Reagan permitted Guatemala's army to buy $3.2 million in military trucks and jeeps in June 1981. To permit the sale, Reagan removed the vehicles from a list of military equipment that was covered by the human rights embargo.
Confident of Reagan's sympathies, the Guatemalan government continued its political repression without apology.
According to a State Department cable on Oct. 5, 1981, Guatemalan leaders met with Reagan's roving ambassador, retired Gen. Vernon Walters, and left no doubt about their plans. Guatemala's military leader, Gen. Fernando Romeo Lucas Garcia, "made clear that his government will continue as before -- that the repression will continue."
Human rights groups saw the same grisly picture. The Inter-American Human Rights Commission released a report on Oct. 15, 1981, blaming the Guatemalan government for "thousands of illegal executions." [Washington Post, Oct. 16, 1981]
But the Reagan administration was set on whitewashing the ugly scene. A State Department "white paper," released in December 1981, blamed the violence on leftist "extremist groups" and their "terrorist methods," inspired and supported by Cuba's Fidel Castro.
More Massacres
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