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Life Arts    H3'ed 12/28/24

Some Reflections on the Work of C. G. Jung and Walter J. Ong (REVIEW ESSAY)

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Thomas Farrell
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Now, the formation of Jesuits is lengthy. No doubt the lengthy Jesuit formation is designed to produce transformations in the Jesuits-in-training both before and after they are ordained priests.

For an English translation of St. Ignatius Loyola's Spiritual Exercises, see The Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius: A Translation and Commentary by George E. Ganss, S. J. (1992).

For the prolific Jung's lectures about St. Ignatius Loyola's Spiritual Exercises, see the 2023 book titled Jung on Ignatius of Loyola's Spiritual Exercises : Lectures Delivered at ETH Zurich, Volume 7: 1939-1940, edited by Martin Liebscher, translated by Caitlin Stephens. (ETH = the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.)

At the website for Princeton University Press, we are told the following: "Between 1933 and 1941, C. G. Jung delivered a series of public lectures at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. Intended for a general audience, these lectures addressed a broad range of topics, from yoga and meditation to dream analysis and the psychology of alchemy. Here for the time are Jung's complete lectures on Ignatius of Loyola's Spiritual Exercises, delivered in the winter of 1939-1940 [i.e., long after Jung's Black Books of 1913-1932].

"These illuminating lectures are the culmination of Jung's investigation into traditional forms of meditation and their parallels to his psychotherapeutic method of active imagination. Jung presents Loyola's exercises as the prime example of a Christian practice comparable to yoga and Eastern meditation, and gives a psychological interpretation of the visions depicted in the saint's autobiographical writings. Offering a unique opportunity to encounter the brilliant psychologist as he shares his ideas with the general public, the lectures reflect Jung's increasingly positive engagement with Roman Catholicism, a development that would lead to his fruitful collaborations after the war with eminent Catholic theologians such as Victor White, Bruno de Jesus-Marie, and Hugo Rahner.

"Featuring an authoritative introduction by Martin Liebscher along with explanations of Jungian concepts and psychological terminology, this splendid book provides an invaluable window of the evolution of Jung's thought and a vital key to understanding his later work."

Jung provided a "Foreword" for the English Dominican Father Victor White's book God and the Unconscious (1952, pp. xiii-xxv).

For further discussion of Father White and Jung, see Ann Conrad Lammers' book In God's Shadow: The Collaboration of Victor White and C. G. Jung (1994).

Ong provided a "Preface" for the English translation of the German Jesuit Hugo Rahner's book titled Man at Play, translated by Brian Battershaw and Edward Quinn (1967, pp. ix-xiv). Ong's "Preface" to Rahner's book is reprinted as "Preface to Man at Play" in the anthology titled An Ong Reader: Challenges for Further Inquiry, edited by Thomas J. Farrell and Paul A. Soukup (2002, pp. 345-348).

I first heard about Victor White's book God and the Unconscious from Father Ong in the first course I took from him at Saint Louis University in the fall semester of 1964. I bought a paperback copy of White's book and read it in the summer of 1965.

End of disclosure.

Now, Jung referred to his dangerous self-experimentation as involving transformations in his psyche - transformations he came to refer to as his mid-life crisis - the transition he came to refer to as universal in all people. (I date my own mid-life crisis to 1974 - a bit more than 50 years ago now.)

As part of Jung's effort to contain the elements from his unconscious that he was deliberately evoking in himself, Jung kept a written record of his experiences in what are known as his Black Books - his notebooks.

In 2020, W. W. Norton and Company published the English translation of Jung's Black Books as the profusely illustrated seven-volume set titled The Black Books: 1913-1932: Notebooks of Transformation, edited by Sonu Shamdasani, translated by Martin Liebscher, John Peck, and Sonu Shamdasani. Because psychic transformation proceeds by degrees over time, it would be more apt to subtitle of Jung's Black Books as "Notebooks of Transformations" - in the plural.

At times, as another part of Jung's elaborate effort to contain the elements from his unconscious, he also made accompanying drawings and works of art related to the material he had evoked.

In 2009, W. W. Norton and Company published the oversized profusely illustrated 400-page book titled The Red Book: Liber Novus [Latin for "New Book"], translated by Mark Kyburz, John Peck, and Sonu Shamdasani.

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Thomas James Farrell is professor emeritus of writing studies at the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD). He started teaching at UMD in Fall 1987, and he retired from UMD at the end of May 2009. He was born in 1944. He holds three degrees from Saint Louis University (SLU): B.A. in English, 1966; M.A.(T) in English 1968; Ph.D.in higher education, 1974. On May 16, 1969, the editors of the SLU student newspaper named him Man of the Year, an honor customarily conferred on an administrator or a faculty member, not on a graduate student -- nor on a woman up to that time. He is the proud author of the book (more...)
 

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