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More Americans Should Live Heroic Lives of Virtue (Review Essay)

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Moore, Robert and Douglas Gillette. The Magician Within: Accessing the Shaman [Archetype] in the Male Psyche. New York: William Morrow, 1993.

 

Moore, Robert and Douglas Gillette. The Lover Within: Accessing the Lover [Archetype] in the Male Psyche. New York: William Morrow, 1993.

 

Neumann, Erich. The Origins and History of Consciousness. Translated from the 1949 German edition by R. F. C. Hull. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1954.

In this work Erich Neumann has skillfully synthesized numerous points from C. G. Jung's numerous writings to produce a coherent account of the origins and development of ego-consciousness according to Jung. In his big collection of essays titled Rhetoric, Romance, and Technology: Studies in the Interaction of Expression and Culture (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1971), Walter J. Ong, S.J., of Saint Louis University sums up Neumann's Jungian account of the eight stages of consciousness in one paragraph-length sentence: "The stages of psychic development as treated by Neumann are successively (1) the infantile undifferentiated self-contained whole symbolized by the uroboros (tail-eater), the serpent with its tail in its mouth, as well as by other circular or global mythological figures, (2) the Great Mother (the impersonal womb from which each human infant, male or female, comes, the impersonal femininity which may swallow him [or her] up again, (3) the separation of the world parents (the principle of opposites, differentiation, possibility of change), (4) the birth of the hero (rise of masculinity and of the personalized ego) with its sequels in (5) the slaying of the mother (fight with the dragon: victory over primal creative but consuming femininity, chthonic forces), and (6) the slaying of the father (symbol of thwarting obstruction of individual achievement, to what is new), (7) the freeing of the captive (liberation of the ego from endogamous kinship libido and emergence of the higher femininity, with woman now as person, anima-sister, related positively to ego consciousness), and finally (8) the transformation (new unity in self-conscious individualization, higher masculinity, expressed primordially in the Osiris myth but today entering new phases with heightened individualism -- or more properly, personalism -- of modern man [and woman]" (pages 10-11). Freudians refer to the integration of stage eight as ego-integrity, and Robert Moore refers to it as the optimal self system.

 

Neumann, Eric. Depth Psychology and a New Ethic. Translated from the German by Eugene Rolfe. New York: Harper & Row, 1969.

 

Ong, Walter J. ""A.M.D.G.': Dedication or Directive?" Review for Religious (Saint Louis University), volume 11, number 5 (September 15, 1952): pages 257-264.

Ong's article was reprinted in Review for Religious, volume 50, number 1 (1991): pages 35-42. Ong's article was also reprinted in volume three of Ong's Faith and Contexts, edited by Thomas J. Farrell and Paul A. Soukup (Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press [the publishing arm of the American Academy of Religion], 1995, pages 1-8). Ong reprises his points about how the Jesuit motto (Latin, "Ad majorem Dei gloriam") should be understood to be a directive to help direct one's decision making in his book Hopkins, the Self, and God (Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press, 1986, pages 78-81, 87), the published version of Ong's 1981 Alexander Lectures at the University of Toronto.

 

Pieper, Josef. The Four Cardinal Virtues: Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, Temperance. Translated by Richard Winston, Clara Winston, Lawrence E. Lynch, and Daniel F. Coogan. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1966.

Josef Pieper's studies of the four cardinal virtues in Thomas Aquinas' thought were originally published in German. Pieper's studies were originally published in English translation in three separate books by three different translators, whose translations are now gathered together in The Four Cardinal Virtues. Prudence was translated by Richard Winston and Clara Winston; Justice, by Lawrence E. Lynch; Fortitude and Temperance, by Daniel F. Coogan.

 

Plato. Apology. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Plato: Complete Works. Edited and with an Introduction and Notes by John M. Cooper; associate editor, D. S. Hutchinson. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing, 1997, pages 17-36.

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Thomas James Farrell is professor emeritus of writing studies at the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD). He started teaching at UMD in Fall 1987, and he retired from UMD at the end of May 2009. He was born in 1944. He holds three degrees from Saint Louis University (SLU): B.A. in English, 1966; M.A.(T) in English 1968; Ph.D.in higher education, 1974. On May 16, 1969, the editors of the SLU student newspaper named him Man of the Year, an honor customarily conferred on an administrator or a faculty member, not on a graduate student -- nor on a woman up to that time. He is the proud author of the book (more...)
 

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