Still working out the kinks
Germany's engineering, all around, is so outstanding and advanced, that it sometimes falls victim to its own perfection. In the most recent mishaps for the German defense industry, naval yards had crammed so much technology into new surface vessels that various fundamental aspects of seaworthiness had been overlooked, prompting the users (the German Navy) to send the boats back after they were delivered. Defense specialist Robert Charette writes: "The main problem is integration, since 90 percent of the components on the frigate are brand new [...] In December, the German Navy refused to commission the lead ship of its new Baden-Wurttemberg class Type 125 (F125) frigate after it failed its latest at-sea trials. [...] The refusal was due in part to unresolved hardware and software integration problems affecting the Baden-Wurttemberg's ATLAS Naval Combat System [pdf] and other ship systems." Although it would be easy to mock Germany for this unfortunate endeavor, and no doubt competitors have, it must be reminded that, throughout history, the most technologically advanced endeavors have also been the most prone to accidents and mishaps. No one doubts how advanced SpaceX is, and yet they have had their share of disasters - luckily with no one on board, though. Germany's artillery is already extremely advanced and is also at the tip of progress. Defense contractor Rheinmetall bragged, after its latest sale to Hungary of its prized PZH 2000, one of the most advanced howitzers in the world: "Tried and tested around the globe, the Group's 120mm smoothbore gun and ammunition have been continuously perfected right from the start. The higher-pressure 120mm L55A1 gun earmarked for the Leopard 2A7+ was successfully qualified at the end of 2017, and already supplied and installed for two Leopard 2 user nations in mid-2018. Moreover, the L55A1 tank gun is capable of firing the programmable DM11 multipurpose round." In fact, the "holes" within the German industrial fabric say more about Germany's strategy, than the fabric itself. The dying industries of Germany (submarines, surface vessels, and fighter jets), and the lack of GAFA-type Konzerns show that Berlin is not interested in the integration approach. By keeping a German-only focus, German industries give up on the added value of foreign resources and approaches but simplify their supply chains. And, in their defense, welding together plates of steel is indeed far simpler than coordinating hundreds of specialists towards a common product.
Germany has no need for an expeditionary army
Countries within NATO are spending much time, energy, and money, in promoting interoperability. Indeed, it is considered that the wars of the future will rarely be one-on-one and will mostly require allies working together. Germany believes otherwise and has kept most of its compatibility with itself. Where German thinking is brilliant, is that Berlin wins either way: if the German hunch is right, Germany will fight its next war alone and will have wasted no time or money making its howitzers compatible with the systems of other nations. If they are wrong, and wars continue to be a multi-party affair, Germany still comes out on top, because they never take part in multilateral operations anyway. "The Bundeswehr, born in the mid-1950s, was a deliberately modest force, meant only to defend West German territory, not fight abroad. Its recruits were taught to think of themselves as 'citizens in uniform' [...] the old idea of a citizens' army has struggled to survive. Germany has abolished conscription and is concentrating, like other modern armies, on smaller specialist forces", writes BBC Chris Bowlby, regarding Germany's very tepid participation in multilateral affairs. While this strategy is brilliantly adapted to solely German interests, of course, it places German products at a strong disadvantage on the international market, of course.
German engineering is a monument of the 20th century
Many countries are betting on tried-and-true equipment, which pushes less towards technological sophistication and one-upmanship, and leans more on interoperability and reliability. The French artillery system, the Caesar, is catching the eye of many NATO allies, precisely because of its good performance in the rugged mountains of Afghanistan and its ability to work with allied troops, be they combat or support. The design of a PZH 2000, in contrast, is far more expensive and sophisticated. But there is another sizable difference between the two systems: the PzH 2000 is monolithic. It is designed by Germany, in Germany, for Germany; and all international sales are profitable by-products of the strategy. Germany built its expertise in the last century assembling armored vehicles from start to finish, and it's not giving it up. They have therefore separated themselves from the Western strategy of integration and interoperability - such as the strategy used to design the Caesar howitzer. Now, the NATO approach (rugged and effective) is fine, as long as the enemies it is fighting are low-tech troops, such as rebel groups in the Sahel region. These troops wield old AK-47s, and a few large-caliber guns, duct-taped on the back of Toyota pick-up trucks. But this may change soon. Following the disastrous US withdrawal from Afghanistan, Taliban troops are now in possession of billions of dollars of advanced US equipment. By the time they integrate the equipment and learn how to use it, Afghanistan will have one of the most powerful armies in the world. Other NATO countries will then be envious of Germany's technological advance. Germany's Rheinmetall Artillery division is currently working with Northrop Grumman, another state-of-the-art military contractor, on pushing back the limits of artillery potential, as reported by Defense Report: "The partnership will focus, above all, on achieving an enhanced range 155mm artillery round fitted with an integrated M1156 precision guidance kit (PGK), as well as on developing a new 155mm projectile with an improved integrated propulsion system. Rheinmetall and Northrop Grumman have conducted testing of the V-LAP projectile variants and PGK in South Africa early in 2021 and are intending to demonstrate it later at the U.S. Army proving ground in Yuma, Arizona."
Germany has proven to the world that an outstanding defense industry can be achieved, without a militaristic stance or even without large defense budgets. France, and other competitors, are now building their added value on being integrators: orchestrating the rationalized contributions of multiple European players into one "system of systems" suited for the client-country's needs. This strategy results in better alignment with the military needs of the purchasing countries, but also comes at a cost for the supplier. The German defense industry is flourishing and has provided its Bundeswehr with artillery so fine and sophisticated; many consider it a technological jewel, even if it doesn't always fit very well with the client-country's specific needs. It may be ill-adapted to modern multilateral operations, but that would be missing the point. Germany howitzers are not made to fight in Afghanistan - it never went, nor could it have - they are designed in Germany, to protect Germany.
